Continuing Education for Labour & Birth Doula
Display Education for your Profession. Simply select your profession from the dropdown below.
If you work in multiple areas, please select the profession for which you are seeking continuing education.
If you cannot find your profession listed, please visit our CEU library or contact us so we can consider adding your profession to our list.
Some of the presentations listed below may only be available as part of a bundle and can be purchased as a package.
Viewing Time: When purchasing multiple packages at the same time, the viewing time becomes cumulative!
Display Education Designed for the Following Profession

Spotlight on Alison Hazelbaker
Introducing our speaker spotlight package featuring Dr. Alison K. Hazelbaker, a renowned cross-disciplinary therapist with over 30 years of experience in treating infant-sucking issues caused by stru...
Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, CST, RCST, PPNE
An Introduction to Structural Causes of Deep Breast Pain and Milk Stasis: Subluxations and Myofascial Trigger Points
Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, CST, RCST, PPNE
Creating Flow: Using Lymphatic Drainage Therapy for Breastfeeding Issues
Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, CST, RCST, PPNE
Finger Feeding: What Do We Know? What Should We Know?
Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, CST, RCST, PPNE
Infant Trauma: Impact on Breastfeeding
Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, CST, RCST, PPNE
The Impact of Bodywork on Infant Breastfeeding
Presentations: 5 |
Hours / CE Credits: 5 (details) |
Viewing Time: 4 Weeks |
Added: 11/05/2023
CERP: 5
L-CERP: 5
L-CERP: 5

The Gift of Education!
Breaking the Silos: Understanding the Connections Between Labor Interventions and Lactation
In celebration of IBCLC Day 2023, GOLD Learning is excited to welcome Janiya Mitnaul Williams MA, IBCLC, CLC as she shares her presentation titled "Breaking the Silos: Understanding the Connections Be...
Janiya Mitnaul Williams, MA, IBCLC, CLC
Breaking the Silos: Understanding the Connections Between Labor Interventions and Lactation
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 4 Weeks |
Added: 12/01/2023
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1

Promoting Maternal and Child Health: Preventing, Identifying, and Managing Postpartum Depression
Perinatal depression - depression that occurs during pregnancy or in the year after birth - can have far-reaching, harmful effects for all family members. Fathers and adoptive families can also exper...
Nancy Byatt, DO, MS, MBA, FAPM
Promoting Maternal and Child Health: Preventing, Identifying, and Managing Postpartum Depression
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 26/10/2022
CERP: 1
R-CERP: 1
R-CERP: 1

Diversity & Health Equity Series
How to be Part of the Solution: The Effects of Intergenerational Trauma on Perinatal Persons of Color
The global pandemic has highlighted racialized trauma and disparate maternal-infant mortality in communities of color. Racial injustice and inequity is a complex topic and for individual care provid...
Tanya Singleton, BSN, MA, MPH, RN-BC, IBCLC, LCCE
How to be Part of the Solution: The Effects of Intergenerational Trauma on Perinatal Persons of Color
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 4 Weeks |
Added: 12/10/2022
CERP: 1
R-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1
Nursing Contact Hour(s): 1
R-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1
Nursing Contact Hour(s): 1

How To Enhance Breastfeeding A Lot: Engage Fathers
Breastfeeding programmes that engage fathers are more effective than ones that only involve mothers and professionals. This accords with research that has shown that family is the main influence on br...
Duncan Fisher, OBE
How To Enhance Breastfeeding A Lot: Engage Fathers
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 07/07/2022
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1
L-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1

Birth and Breastfeeding Outcomes
A baby's birth can have a significant impact on breastfeeding outcomes. Medical intervention in normal birthing situations is rife, and globally cesarean rates have soared since 2000. Along with this...
Jo Gilpin, RM CHN IBCLC
Birth and Breastfeeding Outcomes
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 21/12/2021
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1
L-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1

Webinar
GOLD Learning Day: Pain Assessment & Management During Lactation
Pain is one of the most common reasons for early weaning, meaning it's crucial for care providers to be up to date on how to assess and manage breast/chestfeeding related pain. This GOLD Learning Day ...
Biomechanical Techniques for Preventing and Treating Engorgement
Denise McGuinness, RGN, RM, IBCLC, MSc, FFNMRCSI
The Latest on Breastfeeding and Candida
Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, CST, RCST, PPNE
An Introduction to Structural Causes of Deep Breast Pain and Milk Stasis: Subluxations and Myofascial Trigger Points
Presentations: 3 |
Hours / CE Credits: 3 (details) |
Viewing Time: 6 Weeks |
Added: 22/09/2021
CERP: 3
Nursing Contact Hour(s): 3
L-CERP: 3
CME: 3
Nursing Contact Hour(s): 3
L-CERP: 3
CME: 3

Maternal Complications and Breast Masses in Breastfeeding
The purpose of this presentation is to first review basic components of the breast physical exam, and then transition into the management of challenging maternal complications of lactation. We also b...
Katrina B. Mitchell, MD, IBCLC, FACS
Maternal Complications and Breast Masses in Breastfeeding
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 09/07/2021
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1

Psychiatric Topics In Breastfeeding
Due to the global shortage of mental health professionals, many primary care providers have become the first-line responders to a wide variety of psychiatric concerns. While lactation consultants and ...
Briana Tillman, IBCLC, M. Ed, OMS-III
Nicholas Sloan, BSME, OMS-III
Psychiatric Topics in Breastfeeding
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 09/07/2021
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1

Does Breastfeeding Protect Maternal Mental Health? The Role of Oxytocin and Stress
Depression research contains many conclusions that appear to contradict each other regarding the role of breastfeeding. For example, breastfeeding lowers the risk of depression, but depression increas...
Kathleen Kendall-Tackett, PhD, IBCLC, FAPA
Does Breastfeeding Protect Maternal Mental Health? The Role of Oxytocin and Stress
Presentations: 2 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1.25 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 09/07/2021
CERP: 1.25
L-CERP: 1.25
L-CERP: 1.25

Lactation / Breastfeeding Continuing Education Bundle #9 (29.5 Hours)
The GOLD Lactation Online Conference is the largest Annual Breastfeeding Conference in the world. This 2021 package includes fascinating topics such as the immunology of human milk, the biology of th...
Lisa Marasco, MA, IBCLC FILCA
The Mysterious Milk Ejection Reflex
Sejal Fichadia, BS, IBCLC, CPD
A Comprehensive Look at Breastfeeding Ecology: Infants' Innate Behaviors
Kathryn Stagg, IBCLC, Breastfeeding Counsellor
Breastfeeding Twins and Triplets: Supporting Families During Their Breastfeeding Journey
Annette Leary, BSN, RN, IBCLC
Interactive Case Review: Prioritization of Care
Liz Brooks, JD, IBCLC, FILCA
Using a Cool Head When You’re on the Hot Seat: Ethical and Legal Topics That Make Us Sweat, and How to Avoid Getting Burned
Emerging Trends in Virtual Lactation Support
Robin Kaplan, M.Ed, IBCLC
Overcoming Challenges When Providing Virtual Support to Breast/Chestfeeding Families
Divya S. Parikh, MD IBCLC
Rachel Walker, PhD
Breastmilk Fat Profile: Implications for Clinical Practice
Smaranda Nay, MD, IBCLC
Talking to Babies: Basic Communication Skills for Lactating Parents and Healthcare Specialists
Shondra Mattos, IBCLC
Bryna Hayden, IBCLC
Back to Baseline: Normal Anatomy & Physiology of Infant Feeding
Hope K. Lima, PhD, RDN, LRD, IBCLC
Karin I. Evans, MA, RD, LDN, CHES
Lactation Support for Parents with Anorexia Nervosa
Lina Mazzoni, SLT, B.Sc. & IBCLC
Breastfeeding as a Prevention Strategy for Speech Language Disorders
Nastassia Harris, DNP(c), MSN, RNC-MNN, IBCLC
When It's Time to Let Go... Stories of Weaning
Jarold “Tom” Johnston Jr., CNM, IBCLC
Using Evidence to Develop Clinical Lactation Skills
Johanna Sargeant, BEd, BA, IBCLC
At-Breast Supplementation: Practical Tips for Using a Variety of Supplemental Feeding Tube Devices
Amal Omer-Salim, PhD, Nutritionist
Global Perspectives on the Warm Chain of Support for Breastfeeding
Decalie Brown, RN CM IBCLC BHMTg CFHN
Size Does Matter: Large Lactating Breasts Are Important!
Karleen Gribble, BRurSc(Hons), PhD
COVID-19 Guidance for Maternal and Newborn Care: Who’s Doing What and Why
Rue Khosa, ARNP, FNP-BC, IBCLC
It Takes a Village: Understanding the Role of and Integrating Extended Family in the 4th Trimester.
Diane DiTomasso, IBCLC, PhD, RN
Expected Weight Changes After Birth for Full-Term, Breastfed Newborns
Marie Zahorick, APRN, MS, FNP-C, IBCLC
Medications and Mothers' Minds: Psychopharmacology for Lactating Mothers
Wendy Ingman, BSc (Hons) PhD (Medicine)
The Biology of the Mammary Gland in Lactation
Naomi Hull, RN, IBCLC, MPH, Cert IV Breastfeeding Education (Counselling)
Importance of Peer Counselling and the Impact of the Pandemic on Breastfeeding Dyads in Australia
Dr. Muswamba Mwamba, DrPH, MPH, IBCLC
What Role Do Fathers’ Cultural Experiences Play in the Decision to Support Breastfeeding?
Effect of the Spray Drying Process, High Pressures, and Radiation on the Nutritional Quality of Human Milk
Michal Ann Young, M.D., FAAP, FABM
Immunology of Human Milk - the Magic Ingredient
Alyssa Schnell, MS, IBCLC
ReLATCHtation: Transitioning the Exclusively Bottle-fed Baby to Nursing
Shacchee Khare Baweja, MBBS, DCH, IYCF, IBCLC
Skilled Lactation Support in Suboptimal and Low Resource Settings: Onsite Mentoring as a Game Changer
Nekisha Killings, MPH, IBCLC
Approaching Care When You’re Barely There: Reimagining Empathy When You’ve Got Nothing Left to Give
Presentations: 29 |
Hours / CE Credits: 29.5 (details) |
Viewing Time: 8 Weeks |
Added: 24/06/2021
CERP: 29.5
Midwifery CEU: 2.95
Dietetics CEU: 29.5
R-CERP: 3
E-CERP: 2
L-CERP: 24.5
Midwifery CEU: 2.95
Dietetics CEU: 29.5
R-CERP: 3
E-CERP: 2
L-CERP: 24.5

Including Fathers and Partners to Support Perinatal Mental Health and Marriages
The "transition" into parenthood is supposed to be a time of joy, love and wonder, and yet research paints a very different picture: currently 1 in 3 mothers and 1 in 5 fathers suffer from anxiety or ...
Elly Taylor, DIP, Arts
Including Fathers and Partners to Support Perinatal Mental Health and Marriages
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 29/04/2021
CERP: 1
R-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1
R-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 0.1

GOLD Birth & Beyond Conference 2020
The birth of a child is a vulnerable time full of profound changes. Respectful, kind, culturally sensitive and evidence-based care results in families who feel valued and empowered as they start thei...
Tynan Rhea, RP (Qualifying), MA
Postpartum Sex: A Trauma-Informed and Sex-Positive Approach
Tracy Cassels, PhD
Parenting a High-Needs Baby in a Low-Needs Society
Elly Taylor, DIP, Arts
Including Fathers and Partners to Support Perinatal Mental Health and Marriages
Daniel Singley, Ph.D.
Paternal Perinatal Mental Health: Yes, It's a Thing, and What to Do About It
Emily Claire Blackmoon, BSW, MSW, RSW, OASW
Protecting The Sacred: Honouring Birth Parents Through Planning for the Postpartum Journey
Darcia Narvaez, PhD
The Postpartum Nest: Helping Parents Lay the Foundation for Their Child's Lifelong Health
Daniel Singley, Ph.D.
Paternal Perinatal Mental Health: Yes, It's a Thing, and What to Do About It
Raja Gangopadhyay, MBBS MD DFFP MRCOG Cert Medical Education
The Importance of Addressing Mental Health & Wellbeing During Pregnancy
Britta Bushnell, PhD
Awakening the Parent: Are You Supporting or Sabotaging Your Client’s Transformation?
Kimberly Bepler, IBCLC, CPD, CLE, CNPE
The Crying Curve and the Impact on Postpartum and Breastfeeding
Monika Mitra, Ph.D.
Disparities in Perinatal Care and Outcomes Among Women With Disabilities: An Urgent Call for Inclusion
Linos Muvhu, Counsellor, AdvDip Family Therapy
Holistic Community Care for Parenthood (HCCP)
Sayida Peprah, PsyD, Doula
Understanding Maternal Suicide and Supporting Individuals at Risk
Presentations: 13 |
Hours / CE Credits: 12.5 (details) |
Viewing Time: 8 Weeks |
Added: 12/02/2021
CERP: 12.5
L-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 1.2
R-CERP: 11.5
L-CERP: 1
Midwifery CEU: 1.2
R-CERP: 11.5

Rethinking Second Stage: Letting Baby Out Versus Getting Baby Out
In celebration of International Day of the Midwife 2021, GOLD Learning is excited to welcome Barbara Harper as she shares her new presentation titled "Rethinking Second Stage: Letting Baby Out Versus ...
Barbara Harper, RN, Midwife, CBE, BHET, KCC
Rethinking Second Stage: Letting Baby Out Versus Getting Baby Out
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 22/01/2021
Midwifery CEU: 0.1

Lactation / Breastfeeding Continuing Education Bundle #8 (32.5 Hours)
Originally offered in 2020 at our GOLD Lactation Conference. Packed full of fascinating topics such as supporting families who are exclusively pumping, oxidation vs high lipase action in human milk...
Bryna Hayden, IBCLC
Breastfeeding With Ease: The Impact of Infant Reflex Emergence and Integration
Duncan Fisher, OBE
How To Enhance Breastfeeding A Lot: Engage Fathers
Sonia Semenic, RN, PhD
Moving from Evidence to Practice: Knowledge Translation and Breastfeeding Support
Chauntel Norris, CLC
Facilitating Breastfeeding Among Incarcerated Women
Jo Gilpin, RM CHN IBCLC
Birth and Breastfeeding Outcomes
Growth Charts, Use and Abuse
Katrien Nauwelaerts, IBCLC, BA, MA
Breastfeeding and The Use Of Herbs
Bryna Hayden, IBCLC
Rhythmic Movement for Breastfeeding Function
Sejal Fichadia, BS, IBCLC, CPD
Teaching Infant Facial Massage to Parents to Support a Functional Latch
Lucy Ruddle, IBCLC
Relactation - A Supportive Approach
Divya S. Parikh, MD, IBCLC
When Supply is Greater than Demand: Maternal Hyperlactation Syndrome
Sharon L. Unger, MD, FRCP(C)
The Use of Human Donor Milk in the High Risk Neonate
Robinson Reed, MSN, CNM, ARNP, IBCLC
Queer Milk: Inclusive Lactation Care for LGBTQ Families
Juanita Jauer Steichen, MA, IBCLC
What’s New With the International Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes: It’s Not Just About Formula!
Ted Greiner, PhD (International Nutrition)
Alcohol Consumption During Lactation
Identifying Musculoskeletal Issues That Impact Breastfeeding
Nikki Hunter Greenaway, MSN FNP, IBCLC
The Effects of Breastfeeding on Sexual Intimacy
Mariana Colmenares Castaño, MD, IBCLC
Breastfeeding with Insufficient Glandular Tissue
Paulina Erices, MS, IBCLC, IMH-E (r)
Nursing A Preemie, Perspectives For Lactation Supporters and Professionals
Philip Anderson, Pharm.D.
Medication Use During Breastfeeding
Vanessa Simmons, CLEC
Liberate Millennials from The Pressures of Breastfeeding With the Power of Social Media Support
Tomoko Seo, MD, IBCLC, FABM
Lactation Education as Advocacy: Increasing Knowledge Among Physicians
Annie Frisbie, MA, IBCLC
The Ethics of Digital Privacy and Lactation Practice
Wilaiporn Rojjanasrirat, PhD, RN, IBCLC
Understanding Lactation-Related Research
Rebecca L.R. Powell, PhD, CLC
Virus Killing by White Blood Cells in Breast Milk: How Breastfeeding Is Protective Against HIV
The Real Life Experience of Working in Lactation Care: Struggles and Solutions
Mona Liza Hamlin, MSN, RN, IBCLC
Breastfeeding as a Preventative Care Change Model: How to Affect Change
Annie Frisbie, MA, IBCLC
Ask the Expert: Best Practices for Intake, Documentation, and Reporting
Melissa Cole, MS, IBCLC
A Case Study Approach to Critical Thinking Skills for Lactation Professionals
Michelle Pensa Branco, MPH, IBCLC
Facilitated Discussion on IYCF-E and the Role of the Lactation Professional
Christy Jo Hendricks, IBCLC, RLC, CLE, CD(DONA), CCCE
Sharing Your Wisdom: From Abstract Idea to Awesome Prenatal Breastfeeding Class
Presentations: 33 |
Hours / CE Credits: 32.5 (details) |
Viewing Time: 8 Weeks |
Added: 24/07/2020
CERP: 32.5
L-CERP: 27.5
E-CERP: 2
R-CERP: 3
Midwifery CEU: 2.8
L-CERP: 27.5
E-CERP: 2
R-CERP: 3
Midwifery CEU: 2.8

Interoception: Beyond the Homunculus....The Real Sixth Sense and Its Primary Function as Sensory Input to the Autonomic Nervous System
Interoception is a term used to describe our nervous system's awareness of the sensations from the gastrointestinal and visceral system, as well as the primary sensory part/input to baby's Autonomic N...
Michelle Emanuel, OTR/L, IBCLC, CST, NBCR
Interoception: Beyond the Homunculus....The Real Sixth Sense and Its Primary Function as Sensory Input to the Autonomic Nervous System
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 07/14/2020
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1

Out of the Blue: Post Partum Mood Disorders and Breastfeeding
It is well known that breastfeeding is beneficial to both mother and baby. What happens if breastfeeding is not well established? Researchers are looking closer to postpartum mood disorders and what i...
Dianne Cassidy, MS, IBCLC, ALC, CCE
Out of the Blue: Post-Partum Mood Disorders and Breastfeeding
Presentations: 1 |
Hours / CE Credits: 1 (details) |
Viewing Time: 2 Weeks |
Added: 10/07/2019
CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1
L-CERP: 1

Lactation / Breastfeeding Continuing Education Bundle #7 (27.5 Hours)
The GOLD Lactation Online Conference is the largest Annual Breastfeeding Conference in the world. Packed full of fascinating topics such as supporting families who are exclusively pumping, oxidatio...
Briana Tillman, IBCLC, M. Ed, OMS-III
Nicholas Sloan, BSME, OMS-III
Psychiatric Topics in Breastfeeding
Cynthia Good, MS, LMHCA, IBCLC, CATSM
The IBCLC as Expert Witness: Role, Strategies, and Resources
Alexandra Glass, MD, IBCLC
Persistent Pain During Breastfeeding - A Challenge in Lactation Counseling
Prof. Amy Brown, PhD, Professor
What Do Normal Infant Feeding Patterns Really Look Like?
Annabelle Mackenzie, IBCLC, BA (Hons), MA (Cantab)
Rummaging in the Tool Bag: Examples of Approaches Borrowed from Other Disciplines, Applied in Lactation Support Practice
Connection Over Perfection: Practical Strategies for Supporting Challenging Parents
Fiona Jardine, PhD Candidate, Advanced Lactation Consultant, Postpartum Doula
Breastfeeding Without Nursing: Why Do Some Breastfeeders Exclusively Pump and What Can We Do to Support Them?
Gina Weissman, DMD, RN, IBCLC, FABM
A Case for Clipping, a Case for Waiting: Difficult Decisions in Clinic
Katrina B. Mitchell, MD, IBCLC, FACS
Maternal Complications and Breast Masses in Breastfeeding
Bianca Balassiano, IBCLC
Gradual Weaning – Helping Mothers Who Are Ready to Move On
Micaela Notarangelo, PhD, IBCLC
Differentiating Normal Newborn Weight Loss From Breastfeeding Failure
Nicola Singletary, PhD, MAT, IBCLC
Funny Tasting Milk: The Biochemistry and Clinical Applications of Human Milk Oxidation vs. High Lipase Action
Sekeita Lewis-Johnson, BSN, RN, IBCLC, DNPc
Marijuana and Breastfeeding: A Second Look, A Better Approach
Shu-Fang Wang, PhD, RN, CNM, IBCLC
B Theory of Breastfeeding: Baby-Breast-Brain-Backup Axis (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction)
Tamara Drenttel Brand, MA, MPH, IBCLC
Reflections on a Breastfeeding Peer Counselor Program in Lebanon: Lessons Learned and Looking Forward
Eithne Murray, IBCLC, BEd, MA, Dip BfC
Mothering Experiences: The Development of Self-Efficacy in First Time Mothers
Elaine Burns, RM, RN, PhD
Liquid Gold from the Milk Bar: Health Professional Language and Practices When Providing Breastfeeding Support
Katheleen Hawes, PhD, APRN
Epigenetic Impact of Breastfeeding on Infant Stress Regulation
Lourdes M. Santaballa Mora, IBCLC, IYCFS, BA
Equity and Safer Infant Feeding in Times of Disaster and Civil Unrest
Stephanie Carroll, MBA, IBCLC, CLC, CLS
Barriers to Breastfeeding in Appalachia: A Sociocultural Perspective
Nancy Williams, MA, Marriage and Family Therapist, CCE, IBCLC
Teens and Breastfeeding
Carole Hervé, IBCLC, BNCLC
Could Breastfeeding Help Prevent and Overcome Sensory Food Aversion?
Kathleen Kendall-Tackett, PhD, IBCLC, FAPA
Lessons to Learn from Fed Is Best: How Can We Improve Our Care?
Dr. Natalie Shenker, BM, BCh (Oxon), PhD (Imp)
The Resurgence and Role of Human Milk Banking
Kathleen Kendall-Tackett, PhD, IBCLC, FAPA
Does Breastfeeding Protect Maternal Mental Health? The Role of Oxytocin and Stress
Lyndsey Hookway, BSc, RNC, SCPHN, IBCLC
Addressing Complex Sleep Problems While Optimizing Breastfeeding
It’s Time For a Change in the Way We Market Breastfeeding and Human Milk (Panel Discussion)
Presentations: 29 |
Hours / CE Credits: 27.0 (details) |
Viewing Time: 8 Weeks |
Added: 11/06/2019
CERP: 27.0
L-CERP: 23.5
E-CERP: 1
R-CERP: 3
L-CERP: 23.5
E-CERP: 1
R-CERP: 3