Insufficient milk output has many causes; one of the least understood is mammary hypoplasia, under and/or abnormal development of the lactating tissue. In some cases the etiology appears to be genetically predetermined, while in others it is acquired due to environmental, hormonal or other insults prior to or during critical windows of development. It is important to differentiate these causes and their risk markers from incomplete breast changes during pregnancy due to transient external factors that may not repeat during another lactation cycle. This information, along with an understanding of the parent’s infant feeding goals, life situation and emotions, will assist the lactation clinician in developing a supportive and optimized care plan strategy.
Learning Objectives:
1. Explain the difference between congenital and acquired mammary hypoplasia.
2. List at least 4 potential risk factors/markers for mammary hypoplasia.
3. Describe the 5-point strategy for addressing poor lactation due to suspected mammary hypoplasia.
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