Gestational diabetes affects around 20 million patients per year internationally, with long-term consequences for the health of mother and child. Women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of pre-eclampsia, perinatal trauma and operative delivery, and are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. Affected offspring are at increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence.
The lack of a standardized diagnostic pathway internationally and inadequate access to treatment creates real challenges in optimizing care for affected women and their children. Gestational diabetes is managed using medical nutrition therapy, metformin and/or insulin. After pregnancy, women should be screened for the development of diabetes. Longer-term interventions are needed to reduce the risk of T2D postnatally.
The aim of this presentation is to discuss the causes, treatment and longer-term management of patients with gestational diabetes. We will focus on the use of nutritional advice, medication and lifestyle changes on gestational diabetes incidence and management. We will outline key strategies for preventing T2D in affected patients after gestational diabetes and highlight the role of breastfeeding in improving women’s longer-term metabolic health.
Learning Objectives:
1. Define gestational diabetes and list the contributing causes.
2. Summarise the clinical management of gestational diabetes using medication and medical nutrition therapy.
3,Describe key strategies for improving health long-term for women affected by gestational diabetes.
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