Speaker Type: The Microbiome in the Perinatal Period
Country: United States
Biography:
I am interested in the prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease from the perspectives of life course, nutritional and microbiome epidemiology. I believe that primordial prevention of lifestyle and environmental risk factors, particularly in high-risk and nutritionally transitioning populations, provides the greatest opportunity to curb the epidemics of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. As such, my research aims to identify early-life, modifiable antecedents of cardiometabolic disease in diverse populations locally and globally. Most recently my research has focused on understanding the determinants of gut microbiota and how they can be leveraged to prevent metabolic diseases. My research effort is partitioned among the Department of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health; the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research; and the Johns Hopkins Food, Body and Mind Institute.
Humans acquire a rich microbial ecosystem from their mothers during natural labor. Deterministic of this microbial acquisition are myriad factors, including maternal health, use of antibiotics, and diet/lifestyle during pregnancy, and, perhaps most strongly, delivery mode. In addition to shaping newborn microbial acquisition, these perinatal factors, in particular delivery mode, are associated with the future risk for the offspring in developing modern metabolic diseases such as obesity. As such, seeding the newborn with the “right” microbes at birth holds the potential for primordial disease prevention and health promotion throughout the life course. This talk will motivate the importance of mother-to-newborn transmission of microbiota for prevention of metabolic diseases, highlight recent original research, and put forward a research agenda in this arena.
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