Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM) is defined as persistent hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dL) that requires insulin treatment and occurs before six months of age (Habeb et al., 2020). While the incidence of neonatal diabetes is merely 1 in 90,000 to 160,000 live births, the rarity of this disease can make diagnosis challenging and potentially result in delayed treatment (Letourneau et al., 2017). Uniquely set apart from type I diabetes by its strictly genetic etiology, NDM can be associated with developmental delay and epilepsy (DEND). Insulin is a growth factor that is critical for optimal growth. Insulin dependence can be permanent or transient. Management of NDM includes insulin followed by stabilization using oral sulfonylureas (Hattersley et al., 2018). Positive outcomes are contingent upon early diagnosis, euglycemia, early interventions including multidisciplinary involvement, rehab services and parental support with regard to hypo/hyperglycemia management and insulin administration. The purpose of this presentation shall be to describe the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of NDM, discuss clinical management strategies, and recognize the importance of a multi-faceted, inter-disciplinary approach to caring for an infant with NDM.
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the clinical presentation of NDM.
2. Explain the pathophysiology of NDM.
3. Describe the current management trends and treatments for NDM.
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