Public health ethics relates to moral implications of activities aimed at maintaining and improving population health. Public health researchers embrace participation of affected populations in all stages of research from design to translation. In the past, pharmaceutical companies have avoided the issue of women’s reproductive life and excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women from the drug development process and then advised prescribers to avoid their medications in pregnancy and lactation. Therefore, when clinicians need to prescribe medications during lactation, they do this off-label, often without evidence or guidance regarding optimal dosing or treatment recommendations. Application of the concept of equity should ensure that all groups, including breastfeeding parents, are not neglected and receive directly targeted interventions to improve their health outcomes. The ethical frame which routinely excluded participants who may be pregnant or lactating from clinical trials, is now being turned around to recognise that these groups have the right to be included.
Learning Objectives:
Objective 1. Describe the implications of excluding women from clinical trials.Objective 2. Describe the ethical issues relevant to medication use during lactation.Objective 3. Use a shared decision-making approach when working with breastfeeding families.
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