The physical mechanisms executed by the infant during breastfeeding have been intriguing topics that lead to a long scientific controversy; whether it is sucking of the milk or mouthing of the nipple/areola. We developed a dynamic analysis of ultrasound video clips acquired during breastfeeding in order to explore the kinematics of the tongue. Then, we have developed a three-dimensional biophysical model of the breast and lactiferous tubes that enabled mimicking latch-on and the dynamic characteristics of the tongue and nipple observed in ultrasound imaging during breastfeeding. Then, we simulated breastfeeding and explored the biomechanical aspects of breastfeeding. We demonstrated that latch-on to draw the nipple/areola into the infant mouth, as well as milk extraction during breastfeeding, require development of time varying sub-atmospheric pressures within the infant's oral cavity. Analysis of infant tongue motility was compared between breast and bottle feeding. The presentation will also include discussion of oral pressure measurements.
Learning Objectives:
Objective 1: Background on mechanics of motions and bioengineering studies.
Objective 2: Kinematics of tongue movement derived from objective analysis of individual frames
Objective 3: Biomechanical model of milk extraction during breastfeeding based on first physical principles (i.e., Newton Laws).
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