Breastfeeding of preterm infants is associated with factors in infants, mothers and clinical practice.
Extremely preterm infants establish exclusive breastfeeding at a higher PMA and have twice the risk of not being exclusively breastfed at discharge. Low education, less breastfeeding experience, and smoking are maternal factors negatively associated with exclusive breastfeeding.
Admitting mothers to the NICU together with the infant immediately after delivery is associated with earlier establishment of exclusive breastfeeding. The later the initiation of breast milk expression, the later the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding, and the higher risk for failure of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and inadequate breastfeeding duration. The use of a nipple shield is associated with failure of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and inadequate duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Minimizing the use of a pacifier during breastfeeding establishment and test weighing the infant are positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding at discharge.
Learning Objectives:
Describe how breastfeeding benefits preterm infants and challenges the mother and infant
Describe the progression of breastfeeding milestones in preterm infants
List factors in infants and mothers and six clinical practices associated with exclusive
breastfeeding of preterm infants
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