Sore nipples are the bane of breastfeeding mothers. Nipple pain and/or damage is one of the top reasons for the early abandonment of breastfeeding. There are a large number of suggested remedies, many of which have little or no high quality evidence to recommend their use. This presentation will explore the structure of the nipple, potential screening tools for sore nipples, contributors to sore nipples, antenatal interventions, flat and inverted nipples, colonization and infection of the nipples, biofilms, small colony variants of Staphylococci aureus, and a plethora of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments to relieve pain and hasten healing.
Learning Objectives:
Objective 1: Describe the anatomy and physiology of the nipple/areola complex
Objective 2: Describe the physiology of the nipple during sucking
Objective 3: Participants will be able to discuss nipple problems and their resolution
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